煅燒溫度對柳葉灰火山灰活性的調控機制

王超宇; 戚庭野; 馮國瑞; 楊頌; 王昊晨; 王林飛; 高歆于

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.10.14.003

煅燒溫度對柳葉灰火山灰活性的調控機制

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.10.14.003

王超宇^{1, 2, 3, 4},
戚庭野^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,},
馮國瑞^{1, 2, 3, 4},
楊頌⁵,
王昊晨^{1, 2, 3, 4},
王林飛^{1, 2, 3, 4},
高歆于^{1, 2, 3, 4}

1.
太原理工大學礦業工程學院，太原 030024
2.
礦山巖層控制及災害防控山西省重點實驗室，太原 030024
3.
山西省煤基資源綠色高效開發工程中心，太原 030024
4.
山西省綠色采礦工程技術研究中心，太原 030024
5.
太原理工大學化學工程與技術學院，太原 030024

基金項目: 國家杰出青年科學基金資助項目（51925402）；山西省科技重大專項資助項目（20201102004）；山西浙大新材料與化工研究院研發資助項目（2021SX-TD001，2021SX-TD002）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
Email: qty198402@163.com

中圖分類號: TU528.04
計量
- 文章訪問數: 191
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 14
- PDF下載量: 3
- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-14
- 網絡出版日期: 2023-03-20

Study of the regulation mechanism of calcination temperature on the pozzolanic activity of willow leaf ash

WANG Chaoyu^{1, 2, 3, 4},
QI Tingye^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,},
FENG Guorui^{1, 2, 3, 4},
YANG Song⁵,
WANG Haochen^{1, 2, 3, 4},
WANG Linfei^{1, 2, 3, 4},
GAO Xinyu^{1, 2, 3, 4}

1.
College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province for Mine Rock Strata Control and Disaster Prevention, Taiyuan 030024, China
3.
Shanxi Province Coal-based Resources Green and High-efficiency Development Engineering Center, Taiyuan 030024, China
4.
Shanxi Province Research Center of Green Mining Engineering Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
5.
College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: qty198402@163.com

摘要

摘要: 生物質能源作為可再生的清潔能源是傳統化石能源的替代品之一，但是其作為工業燃料燃燒時會產生大量具有火山灰活性的生物質灰，研究煅燒溫度對生物質灰火山灰活性的調控機制有助于生物質灰的高效利用. 基于此，本文測試評價了500、700、850 ℃柳葉灰的火山灰活性，采用X射線熒光光譜儀（XRF）、X射線衍射（XRD）、傅里葉紅外光譜儀(FTIR)和激光粒度分析儀、顯微電泳儀等表征手段，測試了柳葉灰的理化性質；考察柳葉灰替代20%質量分數水泥后柳葉灰–水泥基材料的力學性能；通過強度指數、活性離子析出能力和火山灰反應效率，評價柳葉灰的火山灰活性特征，結合掃描電鏡(SEM)、XRD等表征手段，闡明煅燒溫度對柳葉灰結構組成及火山灰活性調控機制. 結果表明：柳葉灰的主要氧化物為SiO₂和CaO，柳葉灰替代部分水泥后500 ℃柳葉灰–水泥基材料抗壓強度最大，強度指數為0.79，具有最強的火山灰活性；500 ℃和700 ℃柳葉灰Zeta電位的絕對值和電導率變化率大于850 ℃的，Si⁴⁺析出濃度隨煅燒溫度升高而下降，過高的煅燒溫度會導致柳葉灰出現結渣現象影響火山灰反應的進行. 本研究為生物質灰火山灰活性的調控及在水泥基材料中的應用提供理論支撐.
- 柳葉灰 /
- 煅燒溫度 /
- 火山灰活性 /
- 強度指數 /
- 無定形二氧化硅
Abstract: As a renewable and clean source, biomass energy is one of the substitutes for traditional fossil energy. However, when biomass is burned as an industrial fuel, it produces a large amount of biomass ash with considerable pozzolanic activity. Currently, the activity of biomass ash is ignored in the utilization of biomass energy. Therefore, research on the regulation mechanism of calcination temperature on the pozzolanic activity of biomass ash will facilitate its efficient utilization. Therefore, we reviewed previous research and selected 500, 700, and 850 °C temperatures to calcinate willow leaves. The contents of SiO₂, CaO, and other oxides in the willow leaf ash were determined through X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(XRF). The specific surface area of willow leaf ash was determined using a laser particle size analyzer. The mineral composition of willow leaf ash was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the characterization of the chemical bonds of the minerals was supplemented by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The zeta potential of the willow leaf ash–Ca(OH)₂ solution was determined through microelectrophoresis to evaluate the system’s stability. After determining the basic physical and chemical properties of willow leaf ash, the mechanical properties of willow leaf ash–cement-based materials were investigated by replacing 20% (mass fraction) cement with the ash, and the factors affecting performance were analyzed. The pozzolanic activity of willow leaf ash at 500, 700, and 850 °C was evaluated through the activity index. Rapid evaluation of pozzolanic activity was conducted by active ion extraction capability and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) analyses. Scanning electron microscopy and XRD characterization methods were combined to analyze the effect of calcination temperature on the structure and composition of the ash and to elucidate the mechanism of the effect of calcination temperature on its pozzolanic activity. The results show that the SiO₂ content in the ash was 20% to 30%, and the specific surface area increased with increasing temperature. However, the presence of xonotlite in willow leaf ash was detected through XRD at 850 °C Furthermore, the observed FTIR absorption peak at 1120.74 cm^?1 corresponded to the stretching vibration of the Si–O–Si structure, which indicated that some amorphous SiO₂ was crystallized. The absolute value of the zeta potential of the solution containing willow leaf ash at 500 ℃ and 700℃ was considerably higher than that at 850℃. After replacing a part of the cement with willow leaf ash, the willow leaf ash–cement-based material exhibited the highest compressive strength at 500 ℃ with an activity index of 0.79. The rate of conductivity variation of the willow leaf ash–Ca(OH)₂ solution at 500 ℃ and 700 ℃ was higher than that at 850 ℃. The concentration of Si⁴⁺ precipitation decreased with the increase in calcination temperature, indicating that willow leaf ash had the highest pozzolanic activity at 500 ℃ followed by 700 ℃. Excessively high calcination temperatures lead to the crystallization of amorphous SiO₂ and slagging in willow leaf ash, along with a decrease in the pozzolanic activity. This study provides theoretical support for the regulation of the pozzolanic activity of biomass ash and its applications.
- willow leaf ash /
- calcination temperature /
- pozzolanic activity /
- strength index /
- amorphous silica

HTML全文

圖 1 柳葉灰的制備

Figure 1. Preparation of the willow leaf ash

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 柳葉灰的粒徑分布

Figure 2. Particle size distribution of the willow leaf ash

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 堿溶液浸泡時間對柳葉灰溶液Zeta電位的影響

Figure 3. Effect of soaking time of alkali solution on the zeta potential of the willow leaf ash solution

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 4 柳葉灰的XRD圖

Figure 4. X-ray diffraction pattern of the willow leaf ash

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 5 柳葉灰的Fourier變換紅外光譜圖

Figure 5. Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the willow leaf ash

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 6 7 d和28 d齡期柳葉灰–水泥基材料的力學性能. (a) 7 d應力應變曲線; (b) 28 d應力應變曲線; (c)抗壓強度

Figure 6. Mechanical properties of willow leaf ash–cement-based materials after 7 and 28 days of preparation: (a) 7 d stress–strain curve; (b) 28 d stress–strain curve; (c) compressive strength of the willow leaf ash–cement-based materials

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 7 柳葉灰的pH值變化(a)、電導率變化(b)、電導率變化率(c)

Figure 7. pH value variation (a), conductivity variation (b), and the rate of conductivity variation of the willow ash (c)

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 8 柳葉灰及其濾渣的微觀結構. (a) 500 ℃; (b) 700 ℃; (c) 850 ℃; (d) 500 ℃濾渣; (e) 700 ℃濾渣; (f) 850 ℃濾渣

Figure 8. Microstructures of the willow leaf ash and its filtered residues: (a) 500 ℃; (b)700 ℃; (c)850 ℃; (d) 500 ℃ residue; (e) 700 ℃ residue; (f) 850 ℃ residue

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 9 柳葉灰濾渣的XRD圖

Figure 9. X-ray diffraction pattern of the willow leaf ash filtered residue

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 柳葉灰–水泥基材料配比表

Table 1. Ratio of willow leaf ash–cement-based materials

Test group	Calcination temperature/℃	Replacement rate (mass fraction)/%	Willow leaf ash/g	Cement/g	Standard sand/g	Water/g
Reference group				636.11	1749.30	307.88
Experimental group 1	500	20	127.22	508.89	1749.30	338.66
Experimental group 2	700	20	127.22	508.89	1749.30	348.66
Experimental group 3	850	20	127.22	508.89	1749.30	348.66

下載: 導出CSV

表 2 柳葉灰的化學成分和比表面積

Table 2. Chemical composition and specific surface areas of the willow leaf ash

Sample	Mass fraction/%											Specific surface area / (m²·g^?1)
Sample	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	SO₃	TiO₂	K₂O	Na₂O	P₂O₅	Cl	Specific surface area / (m²·g^?1)
500 ℃ WLA	21.48	0.73	0.43	29.79	4.98	7.49	0.05	6.72	0.54	0.57	0.84	0.823
700 ℃ WLA	25.53	0.99	0.60	34.25	6.08	7.86	0.06	7.08	0.72	0.75	0.80	0.836
850 ℃ WLA	30.02	1.41	0.81	37.45	7.07	8.06	0.09	7.88	0.84	0.84	0.60	0.914

下載: 導出CSV

表 3 柳葉灰溶解在堿性溶液中的Si⁴⁺和Al³⁺質量濃度

Table 3. Concentrations of Si⁴⁺ and Al³⁺ in the willow leaf ash dissolved in the alkaline solution

Sample	Al³⁺/(mg·L^?1)			Si⁴⁺/(mg·L^?1)
Sample	500 ℃ WLA	700 ℃ WLA	850 ℃ WLA	500 ℃ WLA	700 ℃ WLA	850 ℃ WLA
0.1 mol·L^?1 NaOH	3.162	7.327	<0.001	81.791	78.164	70.540
0.5 mol·L^?1 NaOH	1.145	0.976	0.007	75.451	67.676	54.425
0.1 mol·L^?1 KOH	2.520	4.976	<0.001	40.091	28.405	19.576
0.5 mol·L^?1 KOH	0.528	0.244	<0.001	27.203	25.307	18.929
Saturated Ca(OH)₂	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	8.997	8.112	7.733

下載: 導出CSV

啪啪啪视频

參考文獻(36)

[1]	Ma L L, Tang Z H, Wang C W, et al. Research status and future development strategy of biomass energy. Bull Chin Acad Sci, 2019, 34(4): 434 doi: 10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2019.04.008 馬隆龍, 唐志華, 汪叢偉, 等. 生物質能研究現狀及未來發展策略. 中國科學院院刊, 2019, 34(4):434 doi: 10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2019.04.008
[2]	Munawar M A, Khoja A H, Naqvi S R, et al. Challenges and opportunities in biomass ash management and its utilization in novel applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 2021, 150: 111451 doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111451
[3]	Liang G B, Li Y H, Yang C, et al. Ash properties correlated with diverse types of biomass derived from power plants: An overview. Energy Sources A, 2020: 1
[4]	Katare V D, Madurwar M V. Use of processed biomass ash as a sustainable pozzolana. Curr Sci, 2019, 116(5): 741 doi: 10.18520/cs/v116/i5/741-750
[5]	Fo?t J, ?ál J, ?ev?ík R, et al. Biomass fly ash as an alternative to coal fly ash in blended cements: Functional aspects. Constr Build Mater, 2021, 271: 121544 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121544
[6]	Wang J L, Xiao J, Zhang Z D, et al. Action mechanism of rice husk ash and the effect on main performances of cement-based materials: A review. Constr Build Mater, 2021, 288: 123068 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123068
[7]	Neto J S A, de Fran?a M J S, de Amorim Junior N S, et al. Effects of adding sugarcane bagasse ash on the properties and durability of concrete. Constr Build Mater, 2021, 266: 120959 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120959
[8]	Cordeiro G C, Sales C P. Pozzolanic activity of elephant grass ash and its influence on the mechanical properties of concrete. Cem Concr Compos, 2015, 55: 331 doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.09.019
[9]	Saladi N, Ashraf W. Ground and sieved bio ash versus coal fly ash: Comparative analysis of pozzolanic reactivity. J Mater Civ Eng, 2020, 32(12): 04020377 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003443
[10]	Emerson R M, Hernandez S, Williams C L, et al. Improving bioenergy feedstock quality of high moisture short rotation woody crops using air classification. Biomass Bioenergy, 2018, 117: 56 doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.07.015
[11]	Gehrig M, Jaeger D, Pelz S K, et al. Influence of a direct firebed cooling in a residential wood pellet boiler with an ash-rich fuel on the combustion process and emissions. Energy Fuels, 2016, 30(11): 9900 doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02177
[12]	Hangs R D, Schoenau J J, Van Rees K C J, et al. Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient-release characteristics of several willow varieties within short-rotation coppice plantations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Bioenerg Res, 2014, 7(4): 1074 doi: 10.1007/s12155-014-9431-y
[13]	Martirena F, Monzó J. Vegetable ashes as supplementary cementitious materials. Cem Concr Res, 2018, 114: 57 doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.08.015
[14]	Memon S A, Khan M K. Ash blended cement composites: Eco-friendly and sustainable option for utilization of corncob ash. J Clean Prod, 2018, 175: 442 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.050
[15]	Memon S A, Wahid I, Khan M K, et al. Environmentally friendly utilization of wheat straw ash in cement-based composites. Sustainability, 2018, 10(5): 1322 doi: 10.3390/su10051322
[16]	Villar Coci?a E, Savastano H, Rodier L, et al. Pozzolanic characterization of Cuban bamboo leaf ash: Calcining temperature and kinetic parameters. Waste Biomass Valor, 2018, 9(4): 691 doi: 10.1007/s12649-016-9741-8
[17]	Liang G W, Zhu H J, Zhang Z H, et al. Investigation of the waterproof property of alkali-activated metakaolin geopolymer added with rice husk ash. J Clean Prod, 2019, 230: 603 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.111
[18]	Feng G R, Qi T Y, Guo Y X, et al. Physical and chemical characterization of the ash of fallen Chinese willow leaves: Effects of calcination temperature and aqueous solution. Combust Sci Technol, 2020, 192(5): 871 doi: 10.1080/00102202.2019.1594801
[19]	Standardization Administration of China. GB/T 17671—2021 Test Method of Cement Mortar Strength (ISO Method ). Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2021 國家標準化管理委員會. GB/T 17671—2021水泥膠砂強度檢驗方法(ISO法). 北京:中國標準出版社, 2021
[20]	American Society of Testing Materials. D421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants. America: ASTM International, 2016
[21]	American Society of Testing Materials. D422 Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils. America: ASTM International, 2016
[22]	Wang H C, Qi T Y, Feng G R, et al. Effect of partial substitution of corn straw fly ash for fly ash as supplementary cementitious material on the mechanical properties of cemented coal gangue backfill. Constr Build Mater, 2021, 280: 122553 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122553
[23]	Feng G R, Qi T Y, Wang Z H, et al. Physical and chemical characterization of Chinese maize stalk leaf ash: Calcining temperature and aqueous solution. BioResources, 2019, 14(1): 977
[24]	Yin S H, Liu J M, Chen W, et al. Optimization of the effect and formulation of different coarse aggregates on performance of the paste backfill condensation. Chin J Eng, 2020, 42(7): 829 尹升華, 劉家明, 陳威, 等. 不同粗骨料對膏體凝結性能的影響及配比優化. 工程科學學報, 2020, 42(7):829
[25]	Zhang H, Hu X M, Wang W, et al. Preparation and characteristics of xanthan gum and MgO modified clay–cement based new spraying material of gas sealing. J China Coal Soc, 2021, 46(6): 1768 張昊, 胡相明, 王偉, 等. 黃原膠和氧化鎂改性黏土–水泥基新型噴涂堵漏風材料的制備及特征. 煤炭學報, 2021, 46(6):1768
[26]	Knudsen J N, Jensen P A, Dam-Johansen K. Transformation and release to the gas phase of Cl, K, and S during combustion of annual biomass. Energy Fuels, 2004, 18(5): 1385 doi: 10.1021/ef049944q
[27]	Zhang Q Q, Zhang L H, Ran Q P, et al. Effect of limestone powder on rheological properties of cement paste and its mechanism. J Build Mater, 2019, 22(5): 680 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2019.05.002 張倩倩, 張麗輝, 冉千平, 等. 石灰石粉對水泥漿體流變性能的影響及作用機理. 建筑材料學報, 2019, 22(5):680 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2019.05.002
[28]	Zhu Y J, Hu J H, Yang W, et al. Ash fusion characteristics and transformation behaviors during bamboo combustion in comparison with straw and poplar. Energy Fuels, 2018, 32(4): 5244 doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b00371
[29]	Soltani N, Bahrami A, Pech-Canul M I, et al. Review on the physicochemical treatments of rice husk for production of advanced materials. Chem Eng J, 2015, 264: 899 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2014.11.056
[30]	Yang K, Zhao X Y, He X, et al. Experimental study on proportion of coal-based solid waste backfill materials. Shanxi Coal, 2021, 41(4): 2 楊科, 趙新元, 何祥, 等. 煤基固廢充填材料配比試驗研究. 山西煤炭, 2021, 41(4):2
[31]	Poliah R, Sreekantan S. Characterization and photocatalytic activity of enhanced copper-silica-loaded titania prepared via hydrothermal method. J Nanomater, 2011, 2011: 1
[32]	Guo W, Li D X, Yang N R. Ions dissolving-out characteristics of calcined coal gangues in alkalinesolutions and its structure. J Chin Ceram Soc, 2004, 32(10): 1229 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0454-5648.2004.10.009 郭偉, 李東旭, 楊南如. 煅燒煤矸石在堿溶液中的離子溶出特性及其結構. 硅酸鹽學報, 2004, 32(10):1229 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0454-5648.2004.10.009
[33]	Xu H, van Deventer J S J. The effect of alkali metals on the formation of geopolymeric gels from alkali-feldspars. Colloids Surf A, 2003, 216(1-3): 27 doi: 10.1016/S0927-7757(02)00499-5
[34]	Simonsen M E, S?nderby C, S?gaard E G. Synthesis and characterization of silicate polymers. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol, 2009, 50(3): 372 doi: 10.1007/s10971-009-1907-4
[35]	Chen H M, Wang P J, Pan J, et al. Effect of alkali-resistant glass fiber and silica fume on mechanical and shrinkage properties of cement-based mortars. Constr Build Mater, 2021, 307: 125054 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125054
[36]	Liu J H, Zhou Z B, Wu A X, et al. Preparation and hydration mechanism of low concentration Bayer red mud filling materials. Chin J Eng, 2020, 42(11): 1457 劉娟紅, 周在波, 吳愛祥, 等. 低濃度拜耳赤泥充填材料制備及水化機理. 工程科學學報, 2020, 42(11):1457