Mg含量對AlSi<sub>10</sub>Sn<sub>4</sub>Mg<sub><i>x</i></sub>合金阻尼和力學性能的影響

許吉; 王志磊; 趙帆; 張志豪

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.11.07.001

Mg含量對AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x合金阻尼和力學性能的影響

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.11.07.001

許吉^{1, 2},
王志磊^{1, 2},
趙帆^{1, 2, 3},
張志豪^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京科技大學新材料技術研究院，北京 100083
2.
北京科技大學材料先進制備技術教育部重點實驗室，北京 100083
3.
東北輕合金有限責任公司，哈爾濱 150060

基金項目: 佛山市核心技術攻關資助項目（1920001000409）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: ntzzh2279@163.com

中圖分類號: TG146.21
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-07
- 網絡出版日期: 2022-12-14

Effect of Mg content on damping and mechanical properties of AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloy

XU Ji^{1, 2},
WANG Zhilei^{1, 2},
ZHAO Fan^{1, 2, 3},
ZHANG Zhihao^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing (MOE), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Northeast Light Alloy Co., Ltd., Harbin 150060, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: ntzzh2279@163.com

摘要

摘要: 研究了AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x (x為質量分數0～4.0%)合金的力學性能與阻尼性能，并從Mg對Al/Sn潤濕性、Mg對合金組織的影響等方面分析了阻尼和力學性能提高機制. 力學性能測試結果表明，當Mg質量分數為0～1.0%時，試樣的抗拉強度隨著Mg含量的增加而提高、斷后伸長率變化較小，Mg質量分數為1.0%試樣的抗拉強度為161 MPa、斷后伸長率為3.4%；繼續增加Mg含量，試樣的抗拉強度顯著提高，但斷后伸長率明顯降低. 試樣的阻尼性能隨Mg含量的增加先提高后降低，Mg質量分數為1.0%試樣的阻尼性能較高，且具有良好的高溫和高頻阻尼性能，25 ℃/1 Hz、200 ℃/1 Hz和25 ℃/40 Hz條件下阻尼損耗因子tanh分別達到0.038、0.058和0.069. 少量Mg的加入使Al/Sn潤濕性明顯提高，促使β-Sn相沿晶界呈細小彌散分布；同時，少量的Mg使AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x中的共晶Si相變質球化，并生成Mg₂Si強化相，是合金阻尼和力學性能提高的主要原因.
- 鑄造鋁合金 /
- β-Sn /
- Mg微合金化 /
- 阻尼性能 /
- 力學性能
Abstract: Damping alloys serve as key materials in the domain of shock and noise reduction and find wide-ranging applications across several industries. Aluminum alloy, a commonly used engineering material, offers distinct advantages such as low cost and light weight. However, the damping property of aluminum alloy falls short of requisite standards. Thus, efforts toward enhancing the damping and mechanical properties of cast aluminum alloy carry considerable engineering implications. In this paper, the mechanical and damping properties of AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x (x mass fraction is 0–4.0%) alloy have been investigated, and the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of the damping and mechanical properties have been analyzed by examining the effect of Mg on the wettability of Al/Sn and the alloy’s structure. The results of the mechanical property test reveal that the tensile strength of the AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloy increases proportionally with Mg mass fraction within the range of 0% to 1.0%, whereas the fracture elongation undergoes a negligible change. With the Mg mass fraction rising to 1.0%, the tensile strength of the alloy reaches 161 MPa, and the fracture elongation stands at 3.4%. Subsequent increases in Mg content lead to remarkable enhancements in the strength of the samples. When the Mg mass fraction increases to 1.5%, the tensile strength of the alloy stands at 188 MPa, albeit with a remarkable decrease in fracture elongation. The damping properties of the alloy initially increase and subsequently decrease with the increase in Mg mass fraction. The alloy containing 1.0% Mg displays excellent damping properties at high temperatures and high frequencies. Specifically, the damping loss factor tanh at 25 ℃/1 Hz, 200 ℃/1 Hz and 25 ℃/40 Hz measures 0.038, 0.058, and 0.069, respectively. Further research suggests that the addition of a small amount of Mg can effectively improve the wettability of Al/Sn. The mean wetting angles of AlSi₁₀ and AlSi₁₀Mg₁ alloy samples with pure Sn are 141.2° and 116.8°, respectively. The exceptional wettability of Al/Sn facilitates the distribution of the small-sized β-Sn phase along grain boundaries within the AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloy. Meanwhile, a small amount of Mg can also modify and spheroidize the eutectic Si phase in AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloys, leading to the formation of the Mg₂Si strengthened phase. These two factors are primarily responsible for the excellent damping and mechanical properties of the alloy. However, excessive Mg will generate bulky Mg₂Si structures, which will impair the wettability of Al/Sn, leading to the deterioration of the damping and mechanical properties of AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₄ alloy.
- cast aluminum alloy /
- β-Sn /
- Mg microalloying /
- damping property /
- mechanical property

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圖 1 不同Mg含量AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x試樣的金相組織. (a) 0% Mg; (b) 1.0% Mg; (c) 1.5% Mg; (d) 4.0% Mg

Figure 1. Metallographic structure of AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloys with different Mg mass fractions: (a) 0% Mg; (b) 1.0% Mg; (c) 1.5% Mg; (d) 4.0% Mg

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圖 2 AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x合金的EDS圖譜. (a) AlSi₁₀Sn₄; (b) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₁; (c) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₄

Figure 2. EDS patterns of AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloys: (a) AlSi₁₀Sn₄; (b) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₁; (c) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₄

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圖 3 AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x試樣的XRD圖譜

Figure 3. XRD patterns of AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloys

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圖 4 AlSi₁₀與AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x試樣的拉伸力學性能. (a) 應力–應變曲線; (b) 抗拉強度與斷后伸長率

Figure 4. Stretching mechanical properties of AlSi₁₀ and AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloys: (a) stress–strain curves; (b) tensile strength and fracture elongation

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圖 5 AlSi₁₀和AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x試樣的阻尼性能曲線. (a) 溫度–阻尼曲線(1 Hz); (b) 頻率–阻尼曲線(25 ℃)

Figure 5. Damping property curves of AlSi₁₀ and AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloys: (a) temperature dependence of damping property (1 Hz); (b) frequency dependence of damping property (25 ℃)

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圖 6 AlSi₁₀和AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x試樣的阻尼性能對比. (a) 不同溫度阻尼性能; (b) 不同頻率阻尼性能

Figure 6. Damping property comparison of AlSi₁₀ and AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloys: (a) different temperatures; (b) different frequencies

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圖 7 純Sn在鋁合金基體上的潤濕過程. (a) AlSi₁₀; (b) AlSi₁₀Mg₁; (c) AlSi₁₀Mg₄

Figure 7. Wetting process of pure Sn on aluminum alloy matrix: (a) AlSi₁₀; (b) AlSi₁₀Mg₁; (c) AlSi₁₀Mg₄

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圖 8 AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x試樣中的β-Sn相形貌. (a) AlSi₁₀Sn₄; (b) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₁

Figure 8. β-Sn morphology of AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloys: (a) AlSi₁₀Sn₄; (b) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₁

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圖 9 Sn元素在AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x試樣中的分布情況. (a, c) AlSi₁₀Sn₄; (b, d) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₁

Figure 9. Sn element distribution on AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloys: (a, c) AlSi₁₀Sn₄; (b, d) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₁

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圖 10 AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x合金組織. (a) AlSi₁₀Sn₄; (b) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₁; (c) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_1.5; (d) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₄

Figure 10. Microstructure of AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_x alloys: (a) AlSi₁₀Sn₄; (b) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₁; (c) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_1.5; (d) AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₄

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表 1 AlSi₁₀試樣成分(質量分數)

Table 1. Composition of AlSi₁₀ alloy %

Si	Mg	Sn	Mn	Cu	Fe	Al
9.94	0.0243	＜0.02	0.159	0.029	0.63	Bal.

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表 2 各合金試樣的實際Mg與Sn的質量分數

Table 2. Actual Mg and Sn mass fraction of the alloy samples %

Element	AlSi₁₀Sn₄	AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_0.5	AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₁	AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_1.5	AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₄	AlSi₁₀Mg₁	AlSi₁₀Mg₄
Mg	＜0.02	0.40	0.96	1.54	3.88	1.07	3.93
Sn	3.86	3.90	3.93	3.95	3.85	＜0.02	＜0.02

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表 3 各點成分掃描結果(質量分數)

Table 3. Composition scanning result of each point %

Element	Point 1	Point 2	Point 3	Point 4	Point 5	Point 6	Point 7
Al	5.59	25.92	15.54	0.49	39.22	5.25	16.86
Si	2.13	72.37	84.25	4.07	60.30	3.78	53.70
Sn	92.27	1.65	0.20	65.14	0.40	64.40	0.10
Mg	0.01	0.06	0.01	30.30	0.08	26.57	29.34

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表 4 鋁合金及鋁鋅合金的制備方法、阻尼(25 ℃/1 Hz)及力學性能比較

Table 4. Preparation method, room-temperature damping factor (25 ℃/1 Hz), and mechanical properties of some aluminum alloys and Al–Zn alloys

Materials	Methods	Tensile strength /MPa	Fracture elongation/ %	tanh	Reference
Al–35Zn	Casting	178	7.9	0.018	[25]
Al–12Si	Casting + solution treatment	120	1.4	0.017	[26]
Al–4.5Mg	Casting + homogenizing + quenching	～232	～3.1	～0.0015	[10]
AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg₁	Casting	161	3.4	0.038	Present work
AlSi₁₀Sn₄Mg_1.5	Casting	188	2.5	0.033	Present work

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